The main contents of diagnostic of Sinomedicine are four methods of
examination and differentiation of syndromes . The doctors of Sinomedicine
collect the informations about the symptoms felt by the patients and the
objective external manifestations about the symptoms felt by the patients and
the objective external manifestation of them through four methods of examination
,that is ,inspection ,auscultation and olfaction ,inquiring,and palpation and
pulse-feeling ,then analyse and induce these informations under the guidance of
principles of differentiation of syndromes ,to differentiate the nature,degree
of seriousness and region of the diseases.
Four methods of examination
are the means of collecting clinic informations and obtaining data of condition
of diseases by the doctors of Sinomedicine .
[1].Inspection
Outside of human body relates closely to the five zang-organs and six
fu-organs ,and the changes of vital energy , blood , yin and yang of the
zang-organs and fu-organs usually reflect on the body surface .Inspection is
observating the changes on the relevant regions of the sufferers' body and the
changes of excretion of them ,to understand the states of pathological changes.
(1).Inspection of Vitality and Mental State
Observing physical condition,facial expression ,state of movement ,posture
and others briefly,we can know prosperity and decline of healthy energy in the
organism,and degree of seriousness of the diseases.
(2).Inspection of Skin Colour
The colour and luster of the face,lip and nail,especially those of the face
are external reflections of prosperity and decline of vital energy and blood in
human body.
Normal facial colour of the Chinese is slight yellow with slight ruddiness
and luster , and it is called normal colour .Abnormal colours and lusters in the
sufferers are reflections of pathological changes ,and they are called morbid
colours . The five colours ,that is , white ,yellow,red,green and black relate
to natures of diseases and prosperity and decline of the five zang-organs in
certain degree.
White : indicating asthenia-cold syndrome and loss of blood.
Yellow :
indicating asthenia syndrome and wetness syndrome.
Red : indicating heat
syndrome.
Green : indicating cold syndrome, pain syndrome ,stasis syndrome
and infantile convlsion.
Blck : indicating syndrome of asthenia of kidney and
syndrome of retention of body fluid.
(3).Inspection of Physical Condition
Inspection of physical condition is observing the sufferer's build and
posture.
(4).Inspection of the Tongue
Inspection of the tongue,or examination of the tongue is the process of
diagnosis of understanding the changes of yin ,yang,vital energy and blood of
the zang-organs and fu-organs , natures of evils,degree of seriousness of
condition of diseases,and existence or disappearance of stomach-energy.
A.Relation of the Tongue with the Zang-organs and Fu-organs
The tongue can be divided into four parts,that is ,tip of the tongue ,center
of that,root of that and margin of that.Tip of the tongue reflects pathological
changes of the heart and lung;center of that reflects pathological changes of
the spleen and stomach;margin of that reflects pathological changes of the liver
and gallbladder ; and root of that reflects pathological changes of the kidney .
For hyperactivity of heart-fire , only red tip of the tongue can be found ; for
hyperactivity of stomach-fire , yellow fur on center of the tongue can be found.
B.Body of the Tongue
Body of the tongue in common person is light red,moist , moderate sized ,and
free moving . The changes of the tongue include those of shape , state and
colour of the tongue.
(A).Shape of the Tongue
The changes of shape of the tongue include those of shrinkage , tenderness ,
corpulence , gauntness , fissure , rough and prickly fur , and others.
(B).State of the Tongue
The changes of state of the tongue include stiffness ,tremor , deviation and
others.
(C).Colors on Body of the Tongue
Pathological colors on body of the tongue are light white,red , crimson ,
blue or purple.
C.Fur on the Tongue
The changes of characters and colours of fur on the tongue can reflect nature
of evils and condition of body fluid.
(A).Characters of Fur on the Tongue
Characters of fur on the tongue refer mainly to the changes ,such as thick
fur ,thin fur , moist fur , dry fur ,curdy fur,greasy fur ,and existence or
disappearance of fur.
(B).Colors of Fur on the Tongue
Colors of fur on the tongue are mainly white fur , yellowish fur and greyish
black fur.
[2].Auscultation and Olfaction
Auscultation and olfaction include two aspects --auscultation of voice and
olfaction of odor.
(1).Auscultation of Voice
Auscultation of voice is hearing the changes in sounds of speech and breath
of the sufferers.
(2).Olfaction of Odor
Olfaction of odor is smelling the changes of odor of the mouth and odor of
the excretion.
[3].Inquiring
Inquiring is asking the sufferer and his or her companion the qestions about
the symptoms the sufferer feels , present medical history , past medical history
and others.
(1).Inquiring about Chilliness and Fever
Inquiring about chilliness and fever is asking situation concerning aversion
to cold ,and fever.
(2).Inquiring about perspiration
Inquiring about perspiration is asking the situation of sweating.
(3).Inquiring about Condition of Head and Trunk
This is asking the symptoms of head and trunk felt by the sufferer.
(4).Inquiring about Defecation and Urination
This is asking the situation of defecation and urination. nfection of the
urinary system.
(5).Inquiring about Taste for Food
This is asking the situation of changes of taste for food.
(6).Inquiring about Condition of Chest and Abdomen
This is asking the symptoms of chest and abdomen felt by the sufferer.
(7).Inquiring about Condition of Sleeping
This is asking the situation about changes of sleeping.
(8).Inquiring about Menstruation and Leukorrhea
This is asking the situation about changes of menstruation and leukorrhea in
women.
[4].Palpation and Pulse-feeling
This examination includes two parts--palpation and pulse-feeling.
(1).Palpation
Palpation is mainly palpating the chest,abdomen,hands ,feet, skin and other
regions.
(2).Pulse-feeling
Pulse-feeling is feeling the sufferers' pulse to determine prosperity or
decline of vital energy and blood ,strongness or weakness of the organism
,asthenia or sthenia of the zang-organs and fu-organs,and functional state of
the heart.
A.The Locations of Pulse-feeling
According to locations of pulse-feeling,the methods of pulse-feeling can
mainly be divided into three types -- pulse-feeling of whole body ,
pulse-feeling of three regions , and pulse-feeling of cunkou ( the radial
arteries ).
a.Pulse-feeling of Whole Body : In this method of pulse-feeling ,the doctor
feels pulse of the arteries in the three regions -- the upper region (head),
middle region ( hands ) and lower region ( feet )generally , and each region can
be divided into three locations -- heaven ( upper ) , human ( middle ) and earth
(lower),therefore , this method of pulse-feeling is called method of three
regions and nine locations.
In heaven of the upper region ( Taiyang point ) , the arteries on both sides
of the forehead indicate state of vital energy in this region .In human of the
upper region ( Ermen point ) , the arteries on both sides of the preauricular
region indicate state of vital energy in the regions of the ears and eyes . In
earth of the upper region ( Juliao point ) , the arteries on both sides of the
cheek indicate state of vital energy in the regions of the mouth and teeth.
In heaven of the middle region ( Cunkou area ) ,the arteries on both sides of
the hand taiyin channel indicate state of vital energy of the lungs . In human
of the middle region ( Shenmen point ) , the arteries on both sides of the hand
shaoyin channel indicate state of vital energy of the heart . In earth of the
middle region ( Hegu point ) , the arteries on both sides of the hand yangming
channel indicate state of vital energy in the chest.
In heaven of the lower region ( Femur wuli point , and Taiyang point ) ,the
arteries on both sides of the foot jueyin channel indicate state of vital energy
of the liver . In human of the lower region ( Jimen point , and Chongyang point
) , the arteries on both sides of the foot taiyin channel indicate state of
vital energy of the spleen ( stomach ) . In earth of the lower region ( Taixi
point ) ,the arteries on both sides of the foot shaoyin channel indicate state
of vital energy of the kidneys.
b.Pulse-feeling of Three Regions : Renying points ( the arteries on both
sides of the neck ) indicate state of vital energy of the stomach ; Cunkou
points ( the radial arteries on both sides ) indicate state of vital energy of
the twelve channels ; fuyang points ( the dorsal pedal arteries on both sides )
indicate state of vital energy of the stomach ; in addition , the arteries on
both sides of the foot shaoyin channel ( taixi points ) indicate state of vital
energy of the kidney .
c.Pulse-feeling of Cunkou ( The Radial artery ) : Cunkou is the radial artery
behind the wrist . Cunkou can be divided into three regions -- cun , guan , and
chi . The region of the raised bone behind the palm ( styloid process of the
radius )is guan ,the region in front of guan ( the wrist-end ) is cun ,and the
region behindguan ( the elbow-end )is chi . The zang-organs and fu-organs
indicated in the regions of cunkou differ slightly from each other in the
theories of different shools . Generally speaking , left cun indicates state of
the heart and shanzhong ( middle chest ) , left guan indicates state of the
liver and gallbladder , and left chi indicates state of the kidney ,urinary
bladder and small intestine ; right cun indicates state of the spleen and
stomach ,and right chi indicates state of the kidney , gate of life and large
intestine .
B.Normal Pulse Condition
The pulse condition of the healthy person is called normal pulse condition .
Normal pulse condition is mild ,vigorous ,evenly rhythmical ,in moderate pulse
position , and at moderate pulse rate ,that is ,four times per breathing .
C.Pathological Pulse Conditions
Pulse conditions which occur in human body under the influence of
pathological factors are called pathological pulse conditions . Common
pathological pulse conditions include twenty eight pulse conditions and ten
paradoxical pulse conditions.
The twenty eight pulse conditions can be experienced and recognized by the
position , number of times , shape , momentum and others.
¢ñ.Floating Pulse
It can be felt by light touch , growing faint on heavy press.It indicates
superficies syndrome.
¢ò.Sunken Pulse
It can not be felt by light touch ,but it can be felt by heavy press.It
indicates interior syndrome.
¢ó.Slow Pulse
Three times per breathing . Rise and fall of the pulse are very slow . It
indicates cold syndrome.
¢ô.Rapid Pulse
Five to seven times per breathing . It indicates heat syndrome.
¢õ.Feeble Pulse
The pulse is floating ,large ,slow and soft. Feeling of the pulse is feeble
on either heavy , medium ,or light press . It indicates asthenia syndrome.
¢ö.Solid Pulse
Feeling of the pulse is forceful on either heavy ,medium ,or light press .
The pulse is large and long . It indicates sthenia syndrome.
¢÷.Smooth Pulse
Rise and fall of the pulse are fluent ,feeling of the pulse on the fingers is
smooth , and it feels as if pearls roll in a tray .It indicates phlegm syndrome
, fluid retention syndrome ,indigestion ,sthenia-heat syndrome ,and pregnancy.
¢ø.Uneven Pulse
Rise and fall of the pulse are difficult , and the pulse is slow and uneven
.It indicates deficiency of blood ,consumption of life essence ,stagnation of
vital energy , and stasis of blood.
¢ù.Long Pulse
The length of pulsation is very long . Rise and fall of the pulse are even.It
indicates overabundant syndromes.
¢ú.Short Pulse
Length of pulsation is very short . It is only palpable at guan site but
indistinct at cun and chi sites . It indicates deficiency of blood and weakness
of yang.
¢û.Full Pulse
Pulsing vessel is large . Rise of pulse is obvious ,but fall of pulse is
indistinct . Pulse is wide ,and pulse amplitude is high .It indicates
overabundance of yang and heat.
¢ü.Indistinct Pulse
The pulse is very thready and very soft.On press ,it grows indistinct , and
it seems to disappear . It indicates deficiency of both vital energy and blood.
¢ú¢ó.Tense Pulse
The pulse is tense and forceful.Tension of the pulsation is high . It
indicates cold and pain.
¢ú¢ô.Moderate Pulse
Four times per breathing . Rise and fall of pulse are sluggish .It indicates
wetness syndrome.
¢ú¢õ.Stringlike Pulse
It feels straight and long like a tight string of a musical instrument . It
indicates hepatosis ,pain syndromes ,phlegm syndrome and fluid retention
syndrome , and malaria.
The pulse feels floating , large and hollow like pressing a tubelike leaf of
onion . It indicates loss of blood and damage of yin.
¢ú¢÷.Stringlike and Hollow Pulse
The pulse is floating and hollow , the wall of the arteries is tough . It
indicates hemorrhage , emission , abortion and metrorrhagia.
¢ú¢ø.Sturdy Pulse
The pulse feels solid , large ,long and stringlike on heavy press . It
indicates yin syndrome , cold syndrome and sthenia syndrome.
¢ú¢ù.Soft and Floating Pulse
The pulse feels asthenic and soft , as well as floating and small . It grows
faint on heavy press . It indicates asthenia syndrome and wetness syndrome.
¢ú¢ú.Weak Pulse
The pulse is feeble , sunken and small .It can be felt by heavier press , but
it disappear on light press. It indicates insufficiency of vital energy and
blood.
¢ú¢ú¢ñ.Scattered Pulse
The pulse is scattered rootlessly , it can be felt by light press , but it
becomes indistinctive on heavy press . It indicates exhaustion of primordial
energy.
¢ú¢ú¢ò.Thready Pulse
The pulse is small like thread , but it can be felt obviously ,and it does
not disappear on heavy press .It indicates various asthenias , internal
impairment caused by overstrain , and wetness evil attacking the lower warmer.
¢ú¢ú¢ó.Deep-sited Pulse
Pulse position is deep , the pulse is near the bone ,it can be felt by heavy
press , or it can not be felt .It indicates sthenia-type coma caused by evil ,
syncope syndrome , and cold-type pain.
¢ú¢ú¢ô.Strong and Rapid Pulse
The pulse feels like rolling beans ,and it is smooth ,rapid and strong.It
indicates pain ,fright ,diarrhea or dysentery ,and muscular stiffness.
¢ú¢ú¢õ.Abrupt and Irregular Pulse
The pulse is hasty and rapid with irregular intervals.It indicates
sthenia-heat syndrome , stagnation of vital energy , and blood stasis.
¢ú¢ú¢ö.Slow and Irregular Intermittence Pulse
The pulse is slow with irregular intervals .It indicates overabundance of yin
and stagnation of vital energy , cold-type phlegm syndrome and blood stasis
syndrome.
¢ú¢ú¢÷.Intermittent Pulse
The pulse pauses at regular intervals for a while ,then ,it appears again .It
indicates exhaustion of visceral vital energy ,insufficiency of original yang
,abdominal pain , diarrhea or dysentery ,wind-syndrome ,pain-syndrome , and
asthenia of vital energy nourishing the fetus.
¢ú¢ú¢ø.Swift Pulse
The pulse is swift , and it is seven to eight times per minute .It indicates
overabundance of yang with exhaustion of yin ,and exhausting of primordial
energy.
Ten paradoxical pulse conditions are mostly found in critical stage.
¢ñ.Boiling Pulse
The pulse is extremely superficial , rapid , weak and rootless as if water is
boiling in a cauldron .It indicates syndrome of heat-overabundance without yin
in three yang channels.
¢ò.Fish-swimming Pulse
The pulse is superficial , vague and extremely feeble like the state of
swimming of fish . It indicates syndrome of cold-overabundance in three yin
channels , or syndrome of yang exhaustion.
¢ó.Knocking-stone Pulse
The pulse is deep-sited and solid with a sensation of knocking a stone by
fingers.It is a pulse condition indicating exhaustion of vital energy in kidney
channel.
¢ô.Untieing-knot Pulse
The pulse is middle-sited ,and rate and rhythm of the pulse change frequently
like the state of untieing a tangled rope.It indicates exhaustion of vital
energy of kidney and gate of life.
¢õ.Roof-leaking Pulse
The pulse is middle-sited , and it is slow as if water leaks from the roof.It
indicates exhaustion of stomach-energy , nutritional energy and defending
energy.
¢ö.Shrimp-swimming Pulse
The pulse is superficial ,weak and indistinct with long intervals , as if the
state that a shrimp swims slowly and leaps suddenly to disappear.
¢÷.Bird-pecking Pulse
The pulse is middle-sited with rapid rhythm . After three or five beats , the
pulse pauses suddenly for a long interval ,then ,the pulse appears again as if a
bird pecks food . It indicates that primordial energy of spleen and essential
substances from cereals exhaust inside body.
¢ø.Supine-knife Pulse
The pulse feels as if it is a supine blade .It feels small and rapid on light
press but solid , large and rapid on heavy press .This is a dangerous pulse
conditon of liver.
¢ù.Bean-rolling Pulse
The pulse feels clustered like touching Job's tears.It is a dangerous pulse
condition of heart.
¢ú.Rapid Sesame-seeds-like Pulse
The pulse is extremly slight and chaotic like sesame seeds . It is a
dangerous indication of exhaustion of defending-energy and stagnancy of
nutritional-energy and blood.
2.Differentiation of Syndromes
Differentiation of syndromes is
differentiating syndromes , that is , analysing ,synthesizing and inducing the
data obtained from four methods of examination to determine cause of disease ,
region of pathological change and nature of disease , thus making a correct
diagnosis to supply basis for treatment of the disease.
Syndromes are pathological summarizations on causes of diseases ,regions of
pathological changes and natures of diseases as well as changes of growth and
decline in struggle of healthy energy and evils , being response state in human
body as a while.
There exist many methods of differentiation of syndromes .The most basic
methods of differentiation of syndromes are differentiation of pathological
conditions in accordance with the eight principlal syndromes ,differentiation of
syndromes according to state of vital energy , blood , and thick and thin body
fluid , and differentiation of syndromes according to pathological conditions of
zang-organs and fu-organs , and others.
[1].Differentiation of Pathological Conditions in accordance with the
Eight Principle Syndromes
Differentiation of pathological conditions in accordance with the eight
principle syndromes is a method of diagnosis of main syndromes through analysis
and induction of regions and natures of diseases , and states of growth and
decline of struggle of differentiation of syndromes ,superficies and interior ,
cold and heat , asthenia and sthenia , and yin and yang . Differentiation of
pathological conditions in accordance with the eight principle syndromes is the
general program of differentiation of syndromes and highly summarization of the
common substance of various methods of differentiation of syndromes.
(1).Superficies and Interior
Superficies and interior are two programs to differentiate depth of regions
of pathological changes and degree of seriousness of diseases.
A.Superficies Syndrome
Superficies syndrome is a syndrome due to that the body surface is attacked
by evils.
B.Interior Syndrome
Interior syndrome is a syndrome that the locations of pathological changes
are in the zang-organs and fu-organs.
C.Half-superficies and Half-interior Syndrome
Half-superficies and half-interior syndrome is a special syndrome in the
situation that evils have left the superficies ,but they have not entered the
interior , and they are in the position between the superficies and interior.
(2).Cold and Heat
Cold and heat are two programs to differentiate natures of the diseases.
A.Cold Syndrome
Cold syndrome is a syndrome due to weakness of yang energy.
B.Heat Syndrome
Heat syndrome is a syndrome due to overabundance of yang energy.
C.Internal Cold Syndrome
Internal cold syndrome is generally a syndrome showing in the situation that
cold evil attacks the internal organs ,or yang-energy in organism is asthenic ,
and yin or cold evil is overabundant in the interior.
D.Internal Heat Syndrome
Internal heat syndrome is mostly a syndrome showing in the situation that
superficial evil invades the interior and changes into heat ,or heat evil
invades the internal organs ,thus causing hyperfunction in the organism.
(3).Asthenia and Sthenia
Asthenia and sthenia are two programs to differentiate overabundance and
weakness of healthy energy and evils in the patient's body.
A.Asthenia Syndrome
Asthenia syndrome is a syndrome showing in the situation that healthy energy
in human body is weak.
B.Sthenia Syndrome
Sthenia syndrome is a syndrome showing in the situation that evils are
excessive , struggle of healthy energy and evils is violent ,or pathological
products accumulate and stagnate inside body.
C.Asthenia Cold Syndrome
Asthenia cold syndrome is a syndrome showing in the situation that yang
energy in body is deficient.
D.Sthenic Cold Syndrome
Sthenic cold syndrome is a syndrome showing in the situation of obstruction
and overabundance of cold evil.
E.Asthenic Heat Syndrome
Asthenic heat syndrome is a syndrome showing in the situation of loss and
deficiency of yin fluid inside body.
F.Sthenic Heat Syndrome
Sthenic heat syndrome is a syndrome showing in the situation of flowing of
heat-evil.
(4).Yin and Yang
Yin and yang are programs of classification of syndromes . Superficies
syndrome , heat syndrome and sthenia syndrome are classified into the category
of yang syndrome ; interior syndrome ,cold syndrome and asthenia syndrome are
classified into the category of yin syndrome .Therefore , yin and yang are
general programs of eight principal syndromes.
Except yin and yang as general programs , clinically concrete syndromes ,such
as yin syndrome , yang syndrome , yin-deficiency syndrome , yang-deficiency
syndrome , yin-depletion syndrome and yang-depletion syndrome are determined in
Sinomedicine as well.
A.Yin Syndrome
Yin syndrome refer generally to asthenic cold syndrome ,being a syndrome
showing in situation of deficiency of yang energy.
B.Yang Syndrome
Yang syndrome refers generally to sthenic heat syndrome ,being a syndrome
showing in the situation of flaming of heat-evil.
C.Yin-deficiency Syndrome
Yin-deficiency syndrome is the asthenic heat syndrome showing in the
situation that yin fails to inhibit yang because of loss and deficiency of yin
fluid.
D.Yang-deficiency Syndrome
Yang-deficiency syndrome is the asthenic cold syndrome showing in the
situation that yang fails to inhibit yin because of loss and deficiency of yang
energy.
E.Yang-depletion Syndrome
Yang-depletion syndrome is a syndrome showing in situation of sudden
exhaustion of yang energy.
F.Yin-depletion Syndrome
Yin-depletion syndrome is a syndrome showing in situation of sudden
exhaustion of yin fluid.
[2].Differentiation of Syndromes according to State of Qi (Vital Energy ),
Blood , and Jinye ( Thick and Thin Body Fluid )
Vital energy , blood and thick and thin body fluid are the substance basis of
life activities , and they should be abundant and harmonious and move normally.
The syndromes in vital energy , blood and thick and thin body fluid generally
can be divided into two aspects . One is loss and deficiency of vital energy ,
blood and thick and thin body fluid , belonging to category of asthenia
syndrome; the other is disturbance of movement and metabolism of vital energy
,blood and thick and thin body fluid , its manifestations are stagnation of
vital energy ,abnormal rising of vital energy , blood stasis ,retention of body
fluid and others , belonging to category of sthenia syndrome.
(1).Differentiation of Syndromes in Qi( Vital Energy )-disease
Syndromes of qi-disease can be divided into deficiency of vital energy
,stagnation of vital energy and abnormal rising of vital energy.
A.Deficiency of Vital Energy
Deficiency of vital energy is a syndrome showing in the situation that decay
of functions of whole body or certain zang-organs and fu-organs.
B.Stagnation of Vital Energy
Obstruction of flowing of vital energy caused by local pathological changes
in human body is called stagnation of vital energy.
C.Abnormal Rising of Vital Energy
Abnormal rising of vital energy si a syndrome of abnormal rising of
zang-organs-and-fu-organs-energy .
(2).Differentiation of Syndromes in Blood Disease
The syndromes related to blood are mainly blood deficiency , blood stasis and
hemorrhage.
A.Blood Deficiency
Blood deficiency is a syndrome caused by excessive loss of blood , weakness
of function of the spleen and stomach ,deficiency of sanguification , or
disturbance of sanguification because of blood stasis and stagnation.
B.Blood Stasis
Obstruction of bloodstream in certain regions of human body caused by
surgical trauma , stagnation of vital energy ,gathering of cold-evil and others
, or stagnation of sludging blood in certain regions is called blood stasis.
C.Hemorrhage
The causes resulting in hemorrhage are mainly fire-heat and sthenic-evil
forcing the blood to go astray ; vital energy being too deficient to govern the
blood ; inwardly generating deficiency-fire due to deficiency of kidney-yin
damaging the micrangium ; mental stimulation causing emotions to change into
fire ; blood stasis hindering normal movement of the blood ; and excessive
fatigue , surgical trauma and others.
(3).Differentiation of Syndromes in Jinye ( Thick and Thin Body Fluid )
Disease
The syndromes in jinye disease include loss and deficiency of jinye and
retention of water two aspects.
A.Deficiency of Jinye
Deficiency of jinye is mostly caused by hyperpyrexia , hidrorrhea ,
hemorrhage , emesis , diarrhea , polyuria and others . Manifestation of the
slight patient is consumption of body fluid , and that of the heavy patient is
damage of yin.
B.Retention of Water
Disturbance of transportation and metabolism of water in the lung ,spleen and
kidney three zang-organs occurs ,the retentive fluid remains in certain regions
or inundates whole body , and it can cause the diseases , such as phlegm and
fluid retention diseases , edema and others .
[3].Differentiation of Syndromes according to Pathological Conditions of
Zang-organs and Fu-organs
Differentiation of syndromes according to pathological conditions of
zang-organs and fu-organs is a method of differentiation which analyses and sums
up the pathological manifestations of the zang-organs and fu-organs , finds out
the causes and natures of the diseases , makes correct diagnosis ,and directs
the clinical treatment by taking the theory of viscera-state as basis.
(1).Differentiation of Syndromes of the Heart and Small Intestine
A.Deficiency of Heart-energy and Deficiency of Heart-yang
Deficiency of heart-energy is the syndrome of consumption of heart-energy .
Deficiency of heart-yang is the syndrome of failure of heart-yang .
B.Deficiency of Heart-blood and Deficiency of Heart-yin
Deficiency of heart-blood is the syndrome of insufficiency of heart-blood .
Deficiency of heart-yin is the syndrome of decline of heart-yin is the syndrome
of decline of heart-yin.
C.Heart-blood Stasis
This is the syndrome of obstruction of heart-blood caused by stagnation of
vital energy and stasis of blood.
D.Heart Confused by Phlegm
Heart confused by phlegm is the syndrome of mental disorder due to stagnation
of phlegm-wetness in the heart.
E.Excessive Heart-fire Flaming up , and the Heart Passing the Evil Heat to
the Small Intestine
This is a syndrome caused by heart-heat moving downwardly to the small
intestine.
(2).Differentiation of Syndromes of the Liver and Gallbladder
A.Depression of Liver-energy
This is a syndrome caused by abnormality of dispersion of the liver.
B.Sthenic Fire in the Liver Channel
Sthenic fire in the liver channel means sthenia syndrome due to liver-fire.
C.Sthenia of Liver-yang
This is the syndrome caused by asthenic kidney ( water)failing to nourish
liver ( wood ) , or yin failing to antagonize yang because of deficiency of
liver-yin.
D.Liver-wind Stirring Inside
This is syndrome caused by wind due to overabundance of heat , wind due to
sthenic liver-yang , stirring of wind due to yin-deficiency , wind due to
blood-deficiency and others.
E.Wetness-heat of Liver and Gallbladder
This is a pathological change due to retention of wetness-heat evil in the
liver and gallbladder.
(3).Differentiation of Syndromes of the Spleen and Stomach
A.Deficiency of Spleen-energy and Stomach-energy
This is a syndrome that deficiency of spleen-energy exists simultaneously
with deficiency of stomach-energy.
B.Collapse of Middle-warmer Energy
This is a syndrome that weakness of spleen and stomach exists simultaneously
with abdominal distention with tenesmus ,and visceroptosis.
C.Asthenia-cold of Spleen and Stomach
This is a syndrome that weakness of spleen and stomach exists simultaneously
with cold.
D.Spleen-yang Being Stagnated by Wetness-evil
This is a syndrome that wetness-evil influence on the functions of transport
and conversion of spleen-yang.
E.Spleen Failing to Govern Blood
This is a syndrome that spleen fails to govern blood because of deficiency of
spleen-energy , thus causing blood to spill over the vessels.
F.Insufficiency of Stomach-yin
This is the syndrome that stomach fluid is insufficient.
G.Flaming of Stomach-fire
This is the syndrome of dryness-heat evil in stomach caused by fire-evil's
attacking on stomach ,or overeating of fried food.
(4).Differentiation of Syndromes of the Lung and Large Intestine
This is a syndrome showing in the situation of insufficiency of lung-energy
and unstableness of defending (vital)energy in superficies.
B.Deficiency of Lung-yin
This is a syndrome showing in the situation that deficiency of lung-yin
causes asthenic fever to occur interiorly.
C.Lung-heat Syndrome
This is a syndrome caused by attack of heat-evil on the lung.
D.Cough due to Lung-dryness
This is a syndrome caused by attack of dryness-evil on the lung.
E.Attack of Cold Evil and Wetness Evil on the Lung
This is a syndrome caused by attack of cold evil on the lung.
F.Stagnation of Phlegm-turbidness in the Lung
This is a syndrome showing in the situation of stagnation and accumulation of
phlegm-turbidness in the lung.
G.Wetness-heat of Large Intestine
This is a syndrome caused by that wetness-heat invades the large intestine.
(5).Differentiation of Syndromes of the Kidney and Urinary Bladder
A.Deficiency of Kidney-yin
This is a syndrome of deficiency-heat showing in the situation that
kidney-yin is insufficient , and deficiency-fire disturbs inside.
B.Deficiency of Kidney-yang
This is a syndrome showing in the situation of insufficiency of kidney-yang
or fire in gate of life.
C.Edema Caused by Kidney-asthenia
This is a syndrome caused by disturbance of water metabolism due to
deficiency of kidney-yang.
D.Wetness-heat of the Urinary Bladder
This is a syndrome caused by attack of wetness-heat on the urinary bladder.
(6).Differentiation of Syndromes in Disease of both Heart and Kidney
A.Imbalance between the Heart and the Kidney
This is a syndrome showing in the situation that kidney-water is too
deficient to inhibit heart-fire.
(7).Differentiation of Syndromes in Disease of both Liver and Spleen-stomach
A.Attach of Dominant Liver-energy on Stomach
This is a syndrome showing in the situation that depressed liver-energy
attacks the stomach contrary to caused disorder and undescent of stomach-energy.
B.Uncoordination of liver and Spleen
This is a syndrome showing in the situation that the liver fails to disperse
and the spleen fails to transport and convert.
(8).Differentiation of Syndromes in Disease of both Lung and Kidney
A.Incapacity of Deficient Kidney-energy in Promoting Inspiration of the Lung
This is a syndrme showing in the situation of deficiency of vital energy in
the lung and kidney.